Unlocking Scots References

 

A

Aberdeen Press and Journal (1924a) ‘Scots language in schools: vernacular not vulgar, need for inclusion in all curricula’. 23 Feb.

Aberdeen Press and Journal (1924b) ‘Reviving the Scots Tongue’. 7 Oct.

Aberdeen Press and Journal (1925) ‘From a Scottish study: the future of the vernacular tongue’. 5 Sep.

Aberdeen Press and Journal (1931) ‘Anglicisation of Scots language’. 31 Dec.

Aberdeen Press and Journal (1938) ‘Dr W Grant’s plea for Scots Language’. 28 Feb.

Aitken, AJ (1979) ‘Scottish speech: a historical view with special reference to the Standard English of Scotland’. In Aitken and McArthur (eds), Languages of Scotland. Edinburgh: W & R Chambers, 85–118.

Aitken, AJ (1980, 2015) ‘New Scots: the problems’. In AJ Aitken (ed), Caroline Macafee, Collected Writings on the Scots Language (2015), Scots Language Centre. [READ HERE]. Originally published in J Derrick McClure (ed), The Scots Language. Planning for Modern Usage. Edinburgh: The Ramsay Head Press, 1980, 45–63.

Aitken, AJ (1981, 2015) ‘The good old Scots tongue: does Scots have an identity?’. In AJ Aitken (ed),

Caroline Macafee, Collected Writings on the Scots Language (2015), Scots Language Centre. [READ HERE]. Originally published in Einar Haugen, J Derrick McClure and Derick Thomson (eds), Minority Languages Today. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 72–90.

Aitken, AJ (1982, 2015) ‘Bad Scots: some superstitions about Scots speech’. In AJ Aitken (ed), Caroline Macafee, Collected Writings on the Scots Language (2015). Scots Language Centre. [READ HERE]. Originally published in Scottish Language, 1 (1982), 30–44.

Aitken, AJ (1984, 2015) ‘Scots and English in Scotland’. In AJ Aitken (ed), Caroline Macafee, Collected Writings on the Scots Language (2015), Scots Language Centre. Originally published P Trudgill (ed), Language in the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 517–532. [READ HERE]

Aitken, AJ (1985, 2015) ‘A history of Scots’. In AJ Aitken (ed), C Macafee, ‘Collected Writings on the Scots Language’ (2015), Scots Language Centre. [READ HERE].

Allan, D (2021) ‘Drew Allan: So how does The Herald keep the heid when it comes to Scots?’, The Herald, 6 Feb. [READ HERE].

Anderson, J (2021) ‘Burns charity convener urged to resign after appearing to criticise young Scots poet’. Deadline News Agency, 15 June. [READ HERE].

Antoniou, K, Grohmann, KK, Kambanaros, M and Katsos, N (2016) ‘The effect of childhood bilectalism and multilingualism on executive control’. Cognition, 149, 18–30.

Aracil, LV (1965) Conflit linguistique et normalisation linguistique dans l’Europe nouvelle. Nancy: Centre Universitaire Européen.

Ashcroft (2014) ‘How Scotland voted, and why’. Lord Ashcroft Polls, 19 September. [READ HERE].

Aye Can (2011, 2022) Scotland’s Census website. Perth: Scots Language Centre. [READ HERE].

 

B

Bann, J and Corbett, J (2015) Spelling Scots: The orthography of literary Scots, 1700-2000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Bateman, E (2000) ‘Attitudes to Scots’. Scots Language Centre.

Baxter, S and Mitchell, A (1982) Stanley Baxter’s Parliamo Glasgow. Edinburgh: Paul Harris Publishing.

Bazilchuk, N (2015) ‘Students who master two written dialects do better in school’. Sciencenorway.no, 28 Aug. [READ HERE].

BBC News Services (2011) ‘Scots studies ‘not brainwashing’, says SNP minister’. 29 Sep. [READ HERE].

BBC News Services (2013) ‘Census shows decline in Gaelic speakers ‘slowed’’. 26 Sep. [READ HERE].

BBC News Services (2019a) ‘‘Gie it a shot’ - OU offers free Scots language course’. 5 Dec. [READ HERE].

Bede, C (1863) A tour in Tartan-land. London: Richard Bentley. [READ HERE].

Bell, JJ (1901) Wee Macgreegor. London: Harper and Brothers.

Bell, S, McConville, M, McLeod, W and Ó Maolalaigh, R (2014) Dlùth is inneach: Linguistic and institutional foundations for Gaelic corpus planning. Project report. Inverness: Bòrd na Gàidhlig. [READ HERE].

Beveridge, C and Turnbull, R (1989) The eclipse of Scottish culture. Edinburgh: Polygon.

Bialystok, E, Craik, FIM and Luk, G (2012) ‘Bilingualism: Consequences for mind and brain’. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16.4, 240–250.

Black, A and Black, C (1840) Black’s picturesque tourist guide of Scotland. Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black. (Reprinted 2017 Glasgow: Collins).

Blair, T (2010) Tony Blair: A journey. London: Hutchinson. [READ HERE].

Blanchet, P (2016) Discriminations: combattre la glottophobie. Paris: Éd Textuel.

Boswell, J (1791, 1907) The life of Samuel Johnson. London: JM Dent. [READ HERE].

Briggs, S (2021) ‘Introduction’. In Scots Warks: Support and guidance for writing/Uphaud an guidance for screivars. Scots Language Centre. [READ HERE].

British Library (undated) Berliner Lautarchiv British and Commonwealth recordings. [READ HERE].

Brooks, L and Hern, A (2020) ‘Shock an aw: US teenager wrote huge slice of Scots Wikipedia’. The Guardian, 26 Aug. [READ HERE].

Brown, I (2013) ‘Scottish theatre: diversity, language, continuity’. SCROLL: Scottish Cultural Review of Language and Literature, 22. Amsterdam: Rodolphi.

Buchan, J (1915) ‘Preface’. In V Jacob, Songs of Angus. London: John Murray. [READ HERE].

Burnett, C (2021) ‘This is why there’s such a stigma around the Scots language’. The National, 19 Oct. [READ HERE].

 

C

Cairns, C (2018) ‘Video sees National columnist’s Scots language video go viral’. The National, 28 Nov. [READ HERE].

Calvet, L-J (1998) Language wars and linguistic politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Campsie, A (2020) ‘Doric to be taught at university to empower form of Scots’. The Scotsman, 13 Sep. [READ HERE].

Carnie, A (1996) ‘Modern Irish: a case study in language revival failure’. Papers on Endangered Languages, MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, 28, 99–114. [READ HERE].

Carrell, S (2020) ‘Scots Gaelic could die out within a decade, study finds’. The Guardian, 2 Jul. [READ HERE].

Castellanos, C (1993) Una llengua sense ordre ni concert. Barcelona: Oikos-Tau.

Cheshire, J (2005) ‘Sociolinguistics and mother-tongue education’. In U Ammon, N Dittmar, K Mattheier and P Trudgill (eds), Sociolinguistics: an introductory handbook of the science of language and society

(2nd edition). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Clark, T (2016) ‘A Scots Manifesto’. Bella Caledonia, 6 Dec. [READ HERE].

Clark, T (2018a) ‘Wha’s Like Us? Weel, No Catalonia’. Bella Caledonia, 7 Jun. [READ HERE].

Clark, T (2018b) ‘Radge Against the Machine: Deid Wirds, Deid Warlds, an Why Scots Maitters’. Bella Caledonia, 27 Dec. [READ HERE].

Clark, T (2019) ‘Aw Aboard! The fecht for the Scots language stairts the day!’ Bella Caledonia, 14 Oct. [READ HERE].

Clear Contrair Spirit (2014) ‘The Scots tung: how to support it without tying up the Yes movement’. Wee Ginger Dug blog, 21 Nov. [READ HERE].

Corbett, J (2003) ‘Language planning and modern Scots’. In JB Corbett, D McClure and J Stuart-Smith (eds), The Edinburgh Companion to Scots. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 251–273.

Corbett, J (2008) ‘Scots, English and community languages in the Scottish media’. In N Blain and D Hutchison (eds), The Media in Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 20–34.

Corbett, J and Stuart-Smith, J (2013) ‘English in Scotland’. In T Hopkins and J McKenny (eds), World Englishes Volume I: The British Isles. London: Bloomsbury.

Corbett, J, McClure, JD and Stuart-Smith, J (2003) ‘A brief history of Scots’. In J Corbett, JD McClure and J Stuart-Smith (eds), The Edinburgh Companion to Scots. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1–16.

Costa, J (2009) ‘Language History as Charter Myth? Scots and the (Re)Invention of Scotland’. Scottish Language, 28, 1–25.

Costa, J (2010), ‘Occasional Paper: Language, Ideology and the ‘Scottish Voice’’. International Journal of Scottish Literature, 7 Autumn/Winter.

Costa, J (2017) ‘On the pros and cons of standardizing Scots: Notes from the North of a small island’. In P Lane, J Costa and H de Korne (eds), Standardizing minority languages: competing ideologies of authority and authenticity in the global periphery. New York: Routledge.

Costa, J, de Korne, H and Lane, P (2017) ‘Standardising minority languages: reinventing peripheral languages in the 21st Century’. In P Lane, J Costa and H de Korne (eds), Standardizing minority languages: competing ideologies of authority and authenticity in the global periphery. New York: Routledge.

Coulmas, F (2013) Writing and society: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Craig, C (1996) Out of history: narrative paradigms in Scottish and English culture. Edinburgh: Polygon.

Creative Scotland (2015a) Scots Leid Policie/ Scots Language Policy. [READ HERE].

Creative Scotland (2015b) Scots Language Policy published – News release 3 Jun. [READ HERE].

Creative Scotland (2016) Cur an Aithne Cànanan na h-Alba/An Innins tae Scotlan’s Leids/An Introduction to Scotland’s Languages, March. [READ HERE].

Creative Scotland (2019) ‘Developin forby forderin the yaise o Scots language’. News release, 27 Sep. [READ HERE].

Crowley, T (2006) ‘The political production of a language: The case of Ulster-Scots’. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 16.1, 23–35.

 

D

Daisley, S (2017) ‘SNP foreign forays are about selling independence, not Irn-Bru to Indians’. Daily Mail, 4 Sept. [READ HERE].

Davidson, A (2014) ‘Scotland, Class and Nation’. Bella Caledonia blog, 7 Dec. [READ HERE].

Davidson, N (2000) The origins of Scottish nationhood. London: Pluto Press.

Davies, T (2016) ‘Why nationalism is bad for you’. Labour Hame blog, 15 Feb. [READ HERE].

De Meulder, M (2017) ‘The influence of deaf people’s dual category status on sign language planning: the British Sign Language (Scotland) Act (2015)’. Current Issues in Language Planning, 18.2, 215–232.

Dempster, A (2017) Gie ma regairds tae Jock Dhu (bi Shuho Sato owerset bi Andra Dempster). [READ HERE].

Dempster, M (2019) ‘A year o firsts fir the Scots language’. Open University Scotland. [READ HERE].

Dempster, M (2020) Scots Language An Accent. Series of eight videos. [READ HERE].

Denholm, A (2017) ‘Scots language ‘helps pupils in English exams’’. The Herald, 2 Sep. [READ HERE].

Devine, TM (2013) ‘The Sixties in Scotland: A Historical Context’. In T Devine (ed), Scottish Cultural Review of Language and Literature, 20, 23–46.

Dick, S (2018) ‘Speaking our language: Historical films give a boost to Scots tongue’. The Herald, 23 Aug. [READ HERE].

Dickie, M (2015) ‘New ‘scriever’ to push Scots ‘amang folk an toons athort Scotlan’’, Financial Times, 26 Aug. [READ HERE].

Donaldson, W (1986) Popular literature in Victorian Scotland: language fiction and the press. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press.

Donaldson, W (1989) The language of the people: Scots prose from the Victorian revival. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press.

Donati, C, Hendry, J, Robertson, J and Scott, PH (2023) ‘Scots: A Statement o Principles’. Edinburgh: The Scots Pairlament Cross Pairty Group on the Scots Leid. [READ HERE].

Dorian, NC (1994) ‘Purism vs. compromise in language revitalization and language revival’. Language in Society, 23.4, 479–494.

Doric Film Festival (2019). [READ HERE].

Dossena, M (2005) Scotticisms in grammar and vocabulary. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers.

Douglas Brown, G (1901) House with the Green Shutters. London: John MacQueen.

Douglas, A (2016) ‘Scots, Devolution, and Nationalism 1992 – 2016’. M.Litt thesis, University of St Andrews. [READ HERE].

Douglas, A (2019) ‘Politics, Scots language and culture – part 1’ (online course). Milton Keynes: The Open University.

Douglas, FM (2009) Scottish newspapers, language and identity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Duffy, J (2022) ‘Scots language needs more promotion, Rab Wilson and Michael Dempster say’. The National Wales, 28 Aug. [READ HERE].

Dundee Courier (1907) ‘Preserving the Scottish language: Importance of the dialect’. 28 Oct.

Dundee Courier (1909) ‘The decay of the Scottish language’. 27 Nov.

Dundee Courier (1952) ‘Braid Scots is coming back into the schools’. 5 May.

 

E

Eagle, A (2011) ‘A language strategy for Scots?’. In JM Kirk and DP Ó Boill (eds), Strategies for Minority languages: Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and Scotland. Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona, 256–266.

Eagle, A (2022) Written Scots in Scotland and Ulster: A review of traditional spelling practice and recent recommendations for a normative orthography. Dundee: Evertype. [READ HERE].

ECRML (European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages) (2018) Fifth periodical report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter: United

Kingdom. 23 Jan. [READ HERE].

ECRML (European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages) (2021) Information Document on the implementation of the Recommendations for Immediate Action based on the 5th monitoring cycle. Submitted by the United Kingdom on 5 January 2021. [READ HERE].

Education Scotland (2015a) 3–18 Literacy and English Review. Livingston: Education Scotland. [READ HERE].

Education Scotland (2015b) Curriculum for Excellence Literacy and English: Principles and practice. Livingston: Education Scotland. [READ HERE].

Education Scotland (2016a) ‘Curriculum for Excellence: Scots language’. CfE Briefing 17. Glasgow: Education Scotland. [READ HERE].

Education Scotland (2016b) Adult Literacies in Scotland: Survey of progress and priorities 2010-2015. Livingston: Education Scotland. [READ HERE].

Education Scotland (2017) Scots language in Curriculum for Excellence: enhancing skills in literacy, developing successful learners and confident individuals. Livingston: Education Scotland. [READ HERE].

Education Scotland (2020) ‘A 1+2 approach to modern languages’. Policy support resource. [READ HERE].

Edwards, J (2009) Language and identity: an introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Elinguistics.net (2021) Quantitative comparative linguistics blog. [READ HERE].

Erard, M (2016) ‘Street talk’. Aeon, 26 Sep. [READ HERE].

Eunson, B (2019) ‘Dialect diversity, Scots language and culture – part 1’ (online course). Milton Keynes: The Open University. [READ HERE].

Eustace, E (2012) ‘Speaking allowed? Workplace regulation of regional dialect’. Work, Employment and Society, 26.2, 331–348.

 

F

Fairnie, R (2007a) ‘Language strategy’. Scots Tung Wittins, 160, Mairch. [READ HERE].

Fairnie, R (2007b) ‘The Scots language efter Mey 3rd’. Scots Tung Wittins, 163, Juin. [READ HERE].

Farquharson, K (2017) ‘Speak up for Scottishness and ban the cringe’. The Sunday Times, 6 Jan. [READ HERE]

Ferguson, B (2021a) ‘Singer wins campaign to persuade Spotify to recognise Scots language for first time’. The Scotsman, 4 Mar. [READ HERE].

Ferguson, B (2021b) ‘Janey Godley records video message of support for Scots language campaigners abused on social media’. The Scotsman, 12 Jan. [READ HERE].

Ferguson, CA (1959) ‘Diglossia’. Word, 15, 325–340.

Fettes, M (1997) ‘Stabilizing what? An ecological approach to language renewal’. In J Reyhner (ed), Teaching Indigenous Languages. Flagstaff: Northern Arizona University. [READ HERE].

Fife Free Press & Kirkcaldy Guardian (1935) ‘The Scots vernacular’. 22 Jun.

Fifeshire Advertiser (1950). ‘Scottish radio news: The guid Scots tongue’. 24 Jun.

Fishman, JA (1973) Language and Nationalism: Two Integrative Essays. Rowley, Mass: Newbury House Publishers.

Fishman, JA (1991) Reversing language shift: Theoretical and empirical foundations of assistance to threatened languages. Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters.

Fitt, M (2002) But n ben a-go-go. Edinburgh: Luath Press.

Fitt, M (2016a) ‘Jings or whit! A spang-new column in the Mither Tongue’, The National, 7 Jan. [READ HERE].

Fitt, M (2016b) ‘Fae Mooth tae Page’. Bella Caledonia blog, 7 Jan. [READ HERE].

Fitt, M (2016c) ‘Prejudice against Scots hauds back ower mony o oor bairns’, The National, 28 Jan. [READ HERE].

Fitt, M (2016d) ‘Pairlament should mirror aw oor three languages’. The National, 4 Feb. [READ HERE].

Fitt, M (2016e) ‘Flytin my Scots is aboot class, not Yes or Naw’. The National, 7 Apr. [READ HERE].

Fitt, M (2016f) ‘Attainment o oor weans: Let me spell it oot in Scots’, The National, 21 Apr. [READ HERE].

Fitt, M (2016g) ‘Politicians... yer bums are oot the windae!’. The National, 28 Apr. [READ HERE]

Fitt, M (2016h) ‘A Year o Scots’. Bella Caledonia, 16 Dec. [READ HERE].

Fitt, M (2016i) ‘We maun tak a tip fae the Klingons for futur o Scots’. The National, 11 Feb. [READ HERE].

Fitt, M (2019) ‘Scots today, Scots language and culture – part 1’ (online course). Milton Keynes: The Open University. [READ HERE].

Forbes, E (2021) ‘Hundreds more pupils take up the Scots language’. The Times (Scotland), 26 Jan. [READ HERE].

Forde, SFG (2019) ‘Cross-party Scots group ended at exactly the wrong time’ (letter). The National, 5 Jun. [READ HERE].

Fotheringham, R (2021) ‘A history of the independence movement’. In R Fotheringham, D Sherry and C Bryce (eds), Breaking up the British State: Scotland, Independence and Socialism. London: Bookmarks.

Freire, P (1968/1970 trans) Pedagogy of the oppressed, trans MB Ramos. London: Continuum. Gardner, PR (2018) ‘Ethnicity monopoly: Ulster-Scots ethnicity-building and institutional hegemony in Northern Ireland’. Irish Journal of Sociology, 26.2, 139–161.

 

G

Garivelli, D (2016) ‘Why politicise the Scots language?’. The Scotsman, 9 Jan. [READ HERE].

Gillespie, A (2022) ‘Scots language has a place in schools – but where exactly?’. TES Magazine, 31 May. [READ HERE].

Glasgow University (2014) Sounds of the City project: a real-time study of Glaswegian 2011-2014. [READ HERE]

González Castro, A (2019) Manual d’autoajuda per a Catalanoparlants. Barcelona: Cossetània Edicions.

Görlach, M (2002) A textual history of Scots. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C Winter.

Graham, W (1977) The Scots word book. Edinburgh: The Ramsay Head Press.

Graham, W (1981) The Talking Scots quiz book. Ayr: Alloway Publishing.

Grant, A (2019) ‘SNP conference calls for new quango to promote the Scots language’. The Herald, 14 Oct. [READ HERE].

Grant, G (2016) ‘Made-up words on a ‘website’ betray the lunacy of promoting the Scots language’. The Daily Mail (Scottish Edition), 25 March.

Grant, W and Dixon, JM (1921) Manual of modern Scots. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [READ HERE].

Grenoble, LA and Whaley, LJ (2006) Saving languages: an introduction to language revitalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Grieve, CM (‘Hugh MacDiarmid’) ed (August 1922) The Scottish Chapbook, Vol I, No I. Montrose: CM Grieve.

 

H

Hagen, A (2002) Urban Scots dialect writing. Bern: Peter Lang.

Hall, S (2019a) ‘Education’. In ‘Scots language and culture – part 1’ (online course). Milton Keynes: The Open University. [READ HERE].

Hall, S (2019b) ‘History and Linguistic Development’. In ‘Scots language and culture – part 2’ (online course). Milton Keynes: The Open University. [READ HERE].

Hames, S (2013) ‘On vernacular Scottishness and its limits: Devolution and the spectacle of ‘voice’’. Studies in Scottish Literature, 39.1, 201–222.

Hames, S (2016) ‘Not nationality but language.’ Bella Caledonia, 19 Feb. [READ HERE].

Hamilton, A, Kelman, J and Leonard, T (1976). Three Glasgow Writers. Glasgow: Molendinar.

Hance, M (2011) Ministerial Working Group. The Scots Language Centre. [READ HERE].

Hance, M (2016) ‘Shrieking privilege’. Bella Caledonia. [READ HERE].

Hands Up For Trad (2020) Winners annoonced for the Scots Language Awards 2020, Oct 2020. [READ HERE].

Harper, E (2022) Harper promotes use of Scots Language in Parliament. Official website, 21 March. [READ HERE].

Hassan, G (2016) ‘Does Glasgow have a chip on its shoulder?’. Scottish Review, 1 June.

Haugen, E (1966) Language Conflict and Language Planning: The Case of Modern Norwegian. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Hay, K (2020a) ‘‘They went absolutely mad for it’ - Scottish poet overwhelmed by online response to her latest Scots poem’. The Scotsman, 24 Oct. [READ HERE].

Hay, K (2020b) ‘‘It’s embarrassing to witness’ - Top Scottish playwright condemns trolls for ‘misogynistic’ comments towards Scots poet’. The Scotsman, 18 Dec. [READ HERE].

Hay, K (2021) ‘Listen to Shetland poet’s poem about her experiences with accent discrimination’. The Scotsman, 24 Mar. [READ HERE].

Heather, A (2019) ‘It’s time ye jyned the Scots language renaissance’. The National, 26 Sep. [READ HERE].

Heather, A (2020) ‘How generations are joining forces to give the Scots language its proper place’. The National, 26 Apr. [READ HERE].

Heather, A and Bircham, J (2018) Whit’s Scots Language? (video). BBC Scotland, 10 Dec. [READ HERE].

Hebditch, J (2021) ‘Scots language ‘in danger of dying out’ as younger people stop learning it from parents’. Daily Record, 21 May. [READ HERE].

Hendry, J (1993) ‘No bad language’. Fortnight, 318, Supplement: Talking Scots, 20–23.

Herald, The (1998a) ‘Claim of Scots tongue silenced’. 27 Jun. [READ HERE].

Herald, The (1998b) ‘Speaking in tongues’. 14 Nov. [READ HERE].

Herald, The (2003) ‘BBC approves list of words to promote Scots language on air’. 6 Dec. [READ HERE].

Herald, The (2012) ‘Booker winner Kelman backs referendum Yes vote’. 4 Apr.

Herald, The (2017) ‘Herald View: Braw news that speaking Scots is helping pupils’. 2 Sep. [READ HERE].

Herman, A (2001) How the Scots invented the modern world: the true story of how western Europe’s poorest nation created our world & everything in It. New York: Three Rivers Press.

Hinds, A (2021) ‘A language of the soul: Poet Len Pennie on why Scots is more than just a dialect’. The Sunday Post, 11 May. [READ HERE].

Hobsbawm, EJ (1990) Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: programme, myth, reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hodgart, J (2016) ‘Scots and the Curriculum’. Bella Caledonia blog, 7 Sept. [READ HERE].

Hodge, J (1996) Trainspotting [screenplay]. London: Faber and Faber.

Holborow, M (1999) The politics of English. London: Sage Publications.

Holmes, J (2008) An introduction to sociolinguistics, 3rd ed. London: Pearson Longman.

Horsbroch, D (2020a) ‘Timelines of the Scots Language 1920-1990’. Scots Language Centre. [READ HERE].

Horsbroch, D (2020b) ‘Recommendations for Names of Countries, Nations, Regions & States in Scots’. Scots Language Centre, 24 Sep. [READ HERE].

Hoyer, A (2007) The Scottishness of Oor Wullie. PhD Thesis, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, Heidelberg.

Hunter, R (2022) ‘Scots language: Ian Smart claims Scottish Government use Scots as ‘racist’ tool’. The National, 20 Aug. [READ HERE].

Hyvik, JJ, Millar, RM and Newby, AG (2016) ‘Language and nationalism in the nineteenth century: Nynorsk and Scots in comparative context’. Scandinavica, 55.2, 6–42. Iosad, P (2016) ‘What does the Scots language have to do with Scottish identity?’. New Statesman, 8 Jan. [READ HERE].

 

J

Jack, I (2017) ‘Flattening in England, resurgent in Scotland: accents still shape our island life’. The Guardian, 21 Oct. [READ HERE].

Jackson, R and Niven, L (2000) Language, Law and Liberty. [READ HERE].

Jamieson, J (1808) An etymological dictionary of the Scottish language. Edinburgh: University Press. [READ HERE].

Jenkins, J (2015) Global Englishes: A resource book for students. London: Routledge.

Jones, C (1995) A language suppressed: the pronunciation of the Scots language in the 18th century. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers.

Jones, C (2002) The English language in Scotland: an introduction to Scots. East Linton: Tuckwell Press.

Joyce, J (1922) Ulysses. Paris: Sylvia Beach.

Judge, A (2007) Linguistic policies and the survival of regional languages in France and Britain. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

 

K

Kaul, S (2009) Eighteenth-century British Literature and Postcolonial Studies (Postcolonial Literary Studies). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Kavanagh, P (2015) ‘Why Scots is a language’. Wee Ginger Dug blog, 11 Sep. [READ HERE].

Kavanagh, P (2016) ‘Wee Ginger Dug: There’s nae need tae cringe - Scots is poor mither tongue’. The National, 9 Jan. [READ HERE].

Kavanagh, P (2017) ‘Looking under the bonnet of language’, Wee Ginger Dug blog, 4 Sep.

Kavanagh, P (2018a) ‘It’s the Unionists who are politicising Scots – not us’. The National, 2 May. [READ HERE].

Kay, B (1986, revised 1993) Scots: the mither tongue. Edinburgh: Mainstream.

Keating, M (1996) Nations against the state: the new politics of nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland. London: Macmillan Press.

Kelman, J (1994) How Late It Was, How Late. London: Minerva.

Kemp, J (2018) ‘The Guid Scots Tongue – A Short History’. [READ HERE].

Kerswill, P (2003) ‘Dialect levelling and geographical diffusion in British English’. In D Britain and J Cheshire (eds), Social Dialectology, in honour of Peter Trudgill. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 223–243.

Kidd, C (2003) ‘Race, empire, and the limits of nineteenth-century Scottish nationhood’. The Historical Journal, 46.4, 873–892.

Kilsyth Chronicle (1902) Kilsyth Burgh Academy: Distribution of certificates. 6 Dec

Kirk, JM (2011) ‘Scotland and Northern Ireland as Scots-speaking communities’. In JM Kirk and DP Ó Baoill (eds), Sustaining minority language development: Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and Scotland. Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics Series 20. Belfast: Cló Ollscoil an Banríona, 193–205.

Kirk, JM (2013) ‘Civil Service Scots: prose or poetry?’. In JM Kirk and I Macleod (eds), Scots: Studies in its literature and language. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 278–303.

Kloss, H (1967) ‘Abstand languages and ausbau languages’. Anthropological Linguistics, 9.7, 29–41.

Kloss, H (1969) Research possibilities on group bilingualism: A report. Quebec: International Center for research on Bilingualism.

Knox, DL (2003) Regional and national cultures in North-Eastern Scotland: tradition, language and practice in the constitution of folk cultures. Doctoral thesis, Durham University. [READ HERE].

Kramsch, CJ (1998) Language and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kynoch, D (1994) Teach yourself Doric: A course for beginners. Aberdeen: Scottish Cultural Press.

Kynoch, D (1996) A Doric dictionary. Aberdeen: Scottish Cultural Press.

Kynoch, D (1997) Doric for swots. Aberdeen: Scottish Cultural Press.

 

L

Lauchlan, F, Parisi, M and Fadda, R (2012) ‘Bilingualism in Sardinia and Scotland: Exploring the cognitive benefits of speaking a ‘minority’ language’. International Journal of Bilingualism, 17.1, 43–56.

Laurie, SS (1890) Lectures on language and linguistic method in school. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lawson, R, ed (2014) Sociolinguistics in Scotland. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Learmonth, A (2021) ‘Calls for a Scots language act as attacks on speakers increase’. The National, 24 Jan. [READ HERE].

Leask, D (2015) ‘Does speaking Scots really make you more likely to favour independence?’. The Herald, 8 June. [READ HERE].

Leask, D (2016a) ‘David Leask: Why do so many Scots cringe when they see the language of their neighbours written down?’. The Herald, 5 Apr. [READ HERE].

Leask, D (2016b) ‘Labour discovers a new Scottish language in its manifesto’, The Herald, 27 April. [READ HERE].

Leask, D (2017) ‘Cited in Politicisation “Tweetstorm”’. Scotshaunbuik, 6 Apr. [READ HERE].

Leask, D (2021) ‘There is a vein of state nationalism within opposition to minority languages’. The Herald, 9 Aug. [READ HERE].

Lee, M (2021) ‘Scots and Gaelic aren’t Yes languages — here’s why’. Blog post, 4 Apr. [READ HERE].

Leith, D (1997) A social history of English (2nd ed). London: Routledge.

Leith, MS and Soule, DPJ (2012) Political discourse and national identity in Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Leslie, JD (1943) ‘Thinking shame of our own Scots tongue’. The Daily Record, 19 Jan.

Llamas, C and Watt, D, eds (2010) Language and Identities. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Lo Bianco, J (2001) Language and literacy policy in Scotland. Glasgow: Scottish CILT. [READ HERE].

Lonely Planet (2017) Scotland. [READ HERE].

Lorimer, WLL (1983 trans) The New Testament in Scots. Edinburgh: Canongate. Macafee C (1987) ‘Introduction’ in Nuttis Schell: Essays on the Scots Language Presented to AJ Aitken, eds Macafee C and Macleod I. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press.

 

M

Macafee, C (1981) ‘Nationalism and the Scots Renaissance now’. English World-Wide 2, 29–38.

Macafee, C (1983) Varieties of English around the world: Glasgow. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Macafee, C (2012) ‘Rowin Back fae the Wilder Shores’. Talk given to the Scots Language Society 40th Anniversary Collogue. Edinburgh, 12 May. [READ HERE].

Macafee, C (2015) Commentary on Aitken, AJ (1980, 2015) ‘New Scots: the problems’. In AJ Aitken (ed), Caroline Macafee, Collected Writings on the Scots Language (2015), Scots Language Centre. [READ HERE]

Macafee, C (2016) ‘Scots in the Census: validity and reliability’. The Scots Language Centre. [READ HERE].

Macaulay, RKS (1997) Standards and variation in urban speech: Examples from Lowland Scots. (Varieties of English Around the World, Volume 20). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Macaulay, RKS (2005) Extremely common eloquence: Constructing Scottish identity through narrative. Amsterdam: Rodopi.

Macdonald, K (2017) ‘Scots dialects ‘as good as a second language’’. BBC Scotland News, 3 Nov. [READ HERE].

MacEacheran, M (2021) ‘Doric, a little-known form of North East Scots, is undergoing a pandemic-inspired renaissance’. BBC Travel, 22 Mar. [READ HERE].

Macfarlane, J (2012) ‘Scots Wha Hae or Scots Who Have’. Concept, 3.1. [READ HERE].

Mackay, C (1888) A dictionary of Lowland Scotch. London: Whittaker & Co. [READ HERE].

Mackie, A (1913) Readings in modern Scots. London: Chambers.

Mackie, R (2021a) ‘‘You think your attacks don’t hurt me, but they do’ Scottish poet speaks out about being the victim of relentless online abuse’. The Scotsman, 8 Jan. [READ HERE].

Mackie, R (2021b) ‘Artists, poets and language lovers speak out as they face a torrent of online abuse for speaking Scots’. The Scotsman, 26 March. [READ HERE].

Macleod, I and Cairns, P, eds (2017) The Concise Scots English Scots Dictionary 2nd edition (Scottish Language Dictionaries). Edinburgh: Chambers.

Macleod, I and Cairns, P, eds (2005) The Essential Scots Dictionary (Scots-English/English-Scots). Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

MacMillan, A (1972) The new Scots reader. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd/Burns Federation.

Maguire, G (1987) ‘Language revival in an urban neo-Gaeltacht’. In Gearoid MacEoin et al (eds), Third International Conference on Minority Languages: Celtic papers, 72–88.

Maguire, W (2012) ‘English and Scots in Scotland’. In R Hickey (ed), Areal Features of the Anglophone World. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 53–78.

Massie, A (2004) ‘Makkin a right mess o’ the Scots language’. The Scotsman, 31 Jan. [READ HERE].

Massie, A (2016) ‘Confidence in our nation speaks for itself’. The Sunday Times, 16 Feb. [READ HERE].

Máté, I (1996) Scots Language. A Report on the Scots Language Research carried out by the General Register Office for Scotland in 1996. Edinburgh: General Register Office (Scotland).

McArthur, C (1998) ‘The exquisite corpse of Rab(elais) C(opernicus) Nesbitt’. In M Wayne (ed), Dissident voices: the politics of television and cultural change. London: Pluto Press.

McArthur, T (1998) The English languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

McCall, C (2002) ‘Political transformation and the reinvention of the Ulster-Scots identity and culture’. Identities, 9.2, 197–218.

McClure, JD (1979) ‘Scots: its range of uses’. In AJ Aitken and T McArthur (eds), Languages of Scotland. Edinburgh: Chambers, 26–48.

McClure, JD (1980) ‘Developing Scots as a National Language’. In JD McClure, AJ Aitken and JT Low (eds), The Scots Language. Edinburgh: The Ramsay Head Press.

McClure, JD, ed (1983) Scotland and the Lowland tongue: studies in the language and literature of Lowland Scotland (in honour of David D Murison, with a foreword by AJ Aitken). Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press.

McClure, JD (1988, revised 1997) Why Scots matters. Edinburgh: The Saltire Society.

McClure, JD (1995) Scots and its literature. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

McClure, JD (1998) ‘What is the Scots Language?’. In L Niven and R Jackson (eds), The Scots Language: its Place in Education. Dundee: In·House, 7–18.

McClure, JD (2000) Language, poetry and nationhood: Scots as a poetic language from 1878 to the present. Edinburgh: Tuckwell Press.

McClure, JD (2002) Doric: the dialect of North-East Scotland. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

McClure, JD (2008) ‘English in Scotland’. In M Matto and H Momma (eds), A Companion to the History of the English Language. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

McClure, JD (2018) ‘The Scots columns in The National’. In Volume 6: Language on the move across domains and communities. Selected papers from the 12th triennial Forum for Research on the Languages of Scotland and Ulster, Glasgow 2018. [READ HERE]

McCrone, D (2009) Understanding Scotland: The sociology of a nation. Abingdon: Routledge.

McDermid, V (2021) ‘Scotland and me: Val McDermid stands up for the Scots language’. Financial Times, 22 Apr. [READ HERE].

McEwan-Fujita, E (2006) ‘‘Gaelic Doomed as Speakers Die Out’?: The Public Discourse of Gaelic Language Death in Scotland.’ In Wilson McLeod (ed), Revitalising Gaelic in Scotland: Policy, Planning and Public Discourse. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press, 279–293.

McEwan-Fujita, E (2011) ‘Language Revitalization Discourses as Metaculture: Gaelic in Scotland from the Eighteenth to Twentieth Centuries’. Language & Communication, 31.1, 48–62.

McEwan-Fujita, E (2015) ‘Anti-Gaelic bingo’. Gaelic.co blog. [READ HERE].

McEwan-Fujita, E (2018) ‘Anti-Gaelic bingo revisited’. Gaelic.co blog. [READ HERE].

McGonigal, J (2013) ‘Edwin Morgan, Hugh MacDiarmid and the Direction of the MacAvantgarde’. In E Bell and L Gunn (eds), The Scottish Sixties: Reading, Rebellion, Revolution?. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi.

McIlvanney, W (2002) ‘Reviving the Scots language’. The Scotsman, 18 Aug. [READ HERE].

McKenna, K (2017) ‘Only bampots will girn about BBC’s poetic delight’. The Guardian, 1 Oct. [READ HERE].

McKinlay, S (2013) ‘Glasgow’s ‘EastEnders’ accent shows the ties that bind across the border’. The Guardian, 10 Sep. [READ HERE].

McLeod, W (2019) ‘The nature of minority languages: Insights from Scotland’, Multilingua - Journal of CrossCultural and Interlanguage Communication, 38.2, 141–154. [READ HERE].

McMillan, J (2021) ‘The Scotsman Sessions #232: Len Pennie’, The Scotsman, 6 May. [READ HERE].

Meighan, C (2021) ‘Miss PunnyPennie: Scots poet leaves Twitter after misogynistic abuse’, The National, 2 Oct 2021. [READ HERE].

Melchers, G and Shaw, P (2011) World Englishes: an introduction (2nd ed). London: Hodder Education.

Menzies, J (1991) ‘An investigation of attitudes to Scots and Glasgow dialect among secondary school pupils’. Scottish Language, 10, 30–46. [READ HERE].

Meyerhoff, M (2006) Introducing sociolinguistics. London: Routledge.

Millar, R McColl, Barras, W and Bonnici, L (2014) Lexical Variation and Attrition in the Scottish Fishing Communities. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Millar, R McColl (2005) Language, nation and power: an introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Millar, R McColl (2006) ‘Burying alive: unfocussed governmental language policy and Scots’. Language Policy, 5, 63–86.

Millar, R McColl (2007) Northern and Insular Scots. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Millar, R McColl (2008) ‘Dislocation: is it presently possible to envisage an economically based Language Policy for Scots in Scotland?’. In JM Kirk and D Ó Baóill (eds), Language and Economic Development: Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and Scotland. Belfast: Cló Ollscoil na Banríona.

Millar, R McColl (2011) ‘Linguistic democracy?’. In J Kirk and D O Baoill (eds), Sustaining Minority Language Communities: Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and Scotland. Belfast Studies in Language, Culture and Politics Series, vol 20. Belfast: Clo Ollscoil na Banriona, 218–224. Reprint. [READ HERE].

Millar, R McColl (2018) Modern Scots: an analytical survey. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Millar, R McColl (2020) A sociolinguistic history of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Miller, J (1998) ‘Scots: a sociolinguistic perspective’. In L Niven and R Jackson (eds), The Scots Language: its Place in Education. Dundee: In House, 45–56.

Miller, P (2018) ‘Poet: I have given up writing in my heartfelt language of Scots’. The Herald, 5 April. [READ HERE].

Milroy, J and Milroy, L (1985, 1999) Authority in language: Investigating Standard English. Oxford: Routledge.

Muir, E (1936) Scott and Scotland: the predicament of the Scottish writer. London: George Routledge and Sons, Ltd.

Muirson, D (1977) The guid Scots tongue. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.

Munck, R (1986) The difficult dialogue: Marxism and nationalism. London: Zed Books.

Munro, M (1985) The Patter: guide to current Glasgow usage. Glasgow: Glasgow City Libraries and Archives.

Munro, M (1996) The Complete Patter. Edinburgh: Canongate Books.

Murdoch, S (1996) Language Politics in Scotland. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Scots Leid Quorum. [READ HERE].

Murray, JAH (1873) The dialect of the southern counties of Scotland: its pronunciation, grammar, and historical relations. London: Philogical Society. [READ HERE].

 

N

Nairn, T (1977, 2015) The break-up of Britain. Champaign, Illinois: New Directions in the Humanities.

Neuroscience News (2017) ‘Brain treats dialect as language’. 6 Nov. [READ HERE].

Nicholson, C (2002) Edwin Morgan: Inventions of modernity. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Niven, L (2001) Scots: The Scots Language in education in Scotland (regional dossier series). Leeuwarden: Mercator-Education. [READ HERE].

Niven, L (2017) Scots: The Scots Language in education in Scotland (2nd Edition). Leeuwarden: Mercator-Education. [READ HERE].

Niven, L and Jackson, R, eds (1998) Scots language: Its place in education. Dundee: In House.

Nothern Ireland Humand Rights Commission (2020) Ulster Scots/Ulster British Provisions of the

Northern Ireland Act 1998 (Amendment No 3). May 2020. [READ HERE].

Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (2022) NIHRC Briefing on the Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Bill. 15 Jun. [READ HERE].

Nutt, K (2021) ‘Language record broken at MSP swearing-in ceremony as Scottish Parliament opens’. The National, 14 May [READ HERE].

 

O

Ó Giollagáin, C, Camshron, G, Moireach, P, O Curnain, B, Caimbeul, I, MacDonald, B and Petervary, T(2020) The Gaelic Crisis in the Vernacular Community 2020: A comprehensive sociolinguistic survey of Scottish Gaelic. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press.

Ofcom (2019) Children and parents: media use and attitudes report 2018. 21 Feb. [READ HERE].

Officer, D (2015) ‘A wee scrieve oan Scots leid policy’. Bella Caledonia blog, 4 Jun. [READ HERE].

Oor Vyce (2020) Campaign group. [READ HERE].

Open University (2019), ‘The Scots language and culture – Part 1’. Milton Keynes: The Open University. [READ HERE].

Orr, J (1942) ‘The Scots vernacular’ (letter). The Scotsman, 18 April.

 

P

Parsley, IJ (2012) Ulster Scots: A short reference grammar. Belfast: Ultonia Publishing/ Ulster Scots Academic Press.

Parsley, IJ (2017) ‘Difference between Scots and Gibberish’. Blog post, 16 June 2017. [READ HERE].

Paterson, TE (1925) Scotch readings, recitations and sketches. Edinburgh: John Menzies & Co.

Pattie, D (2007) ‘Mapping the territory: modern Scottish drama’. In R D’Monté and G Saunders (eds), Cool Britannia? British political drama in the 1990s. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

Peterkin, T (2015) ‘Holyrood launches drive to promote Scots language’, The Scotsman, 10 September. [READ HERE].

Phillipson, R (1992) Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Purves, D (1997, 2002). A Scots grammar: Scots grammar and usage. Edinburgh: The Saltire Society.

Purves, G (2018) ‘Retreat ti ‘The Hertland’?’. By Erceldoune blog, 21 Apr. [READ HERE].

 

Q


 

R

Rawsthorne, A (2016) ‘Is a day out of Hawick a day wasted? A study of bidialectalism in young Hawick females’. Lifespans & Styles: Undergraduate Working Papers on Intraspeaker Variation, 2.1, 48–62.

Review of Scottish Culture Group (1998) Scottish culture and the curriculum: A report to Scottish Consultative Council on the Curriculum. Unpublished.

Richards, X (2020) ‘Iona Fyfe asks Spotify to fix ‘alarming’ omission of Scots language’. The National, 17 Dec. [READ HERE].

Robertson, B and Rennie, S (1999, 2000) Grammar Broonie. Edinburgh: Polygon.

Robertson, G (2013) ‘Speaking at: Scottish Independence Debate – 23rd September 2013, Abertay University’. Dundee: abertayTV. [WATCH HERE quoted comments at 36:15).

Robertson, J, ed (1994) A tongue in yer heid: A selection of the best contemporary short stories in Scots. Edinburgh: B&W Publishing.

Robertson, J (2015) ‘Lang looked for’s come at last!’. Speech for Creative Scotland, 3 June. [READ HERE]

Robertson, K (2019) ‘Doric film festival to celebrate ‘crannies, colours and contermashes neuks’’. The Press and Journal, 21 Sep. [READ HERE].

Robinson, C (2012) Modren Scots grammar. Edinburgh: Luath Press.

Robinson, P (1997) Ulster Scots: A grammar of the traditional written word and spoken language revised. Belfast: The Ullans Press.

Rojals, M.(2016) ‘El castellà és una llengua, el català és una polèmica’. Vilaweb news outlet, 6 Apr. [READ HERE].

Romaine, S (2000) Language in society: An introduction to sociolinguistics (2nd Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ross, R (1997) ‘No place for our native tongue?’ TES2 (Scottish curriculum). 24 Oct.

Royle, T (2011) A time of tyrants: Scotland and the Second World War. Edinburgh: Birlinn.

Ruaix i Vinyet, J (2011) Diccionari de barbarisms. Barcelona: Editorial Claret.

 

S

Scotch Education Department (1907) ‘Memorandum on the teaching of English in Scottish primary schools, His Majesty’s Stationery Office’. [READ HERE].

Scotland, J (1972) ‘The centenary of the Education (Scotland) Act of 1872’. British Journal of Educational Studies, 20.2, 121–136. [READ HERE].

Scots Language Centre (2011) ‘Census site brings in thousands of visitors’. [READ HERE].

Scots Language Centre (2020) ‘The Big Wiki Rewrite’. News item, 27 Aug. [READ HERE].

Scots Language Centre (2021a) Report to the Committee of Experts on the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Jan 2021. [READ HERE].

Scots Language Centre (2021b) ‘Scots Language in the 2021 Scottish Parliament Election’. News item, 26 Apr. [READ HERE]

Scots Language Centre (undated a) ‘Debased or Evolved? Glesca.’. [READ HERE].

Scots Language Centre (undated b) ‘The Invisible Language. Glesca.’. [READ HERE].

Scots Language Centre (2021) Scots Warks: Support and guidance for writing/ Uphaud an guidance for screivars. [READ HERE].

Scots Online (2020) Android Scots Dictionary App. [READ HERE].

Scots Spellin Comatee, The (1998) Mensefu Scots Spellin for ti lairn an be lairnit: Report & recommends o the Scots Spellin Comatee. (Nov 1996 – August 1998). [READ HERE]

Scotsman, The (1924) ‘The Scots language’. 3 Oct.

Scotsman, The (1932) ‘The Scots vernacular: Mr Eric Linklater on its preservation’. 29 Oct.

Scotsman, The (1947) ‘A Scotsman’s log: Ane for yin’. 28 Apr.

Scotsman, The (1950) ‘The Scots tongue: an Aberdeen plea for its encouragement’. 31 May.

Scotsman, The (1999) ‘Row over final draft of culture in the curriculum’. 4 Feb.

Scotsman, The (2002) ‘Ayes don’t have it as sheriff bans Scots yes in court’. 20 Aug. [READ HERE].

Scotsman, The (2006) ‘Jings, crivvens! Is Oor Wullie turning into Our William?’. 24 Jul.

Scotsman, The (2010) ‘Blow to SNP as two-thirds say Scots is not a real language’. 14 Jan. [READ HERE].

Scotsman, The (2010) ‘Scots fails to cross language barrier’. 14 Jan. [READ HERE].

Scottish Consultative Council on the Curriculum (1996) The Kist/ A’Chiste. Walton-on Thames: Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.

Scottish Consultative Council on the Curriculum (1998) Scottish Culture and the Curriculum. Report from Review Group [unpublished].

Scottish Education Department (1947) Secondary Education: A Report of the Advisory Council on Education in Scotland. (The Fyfe Report). Edinburgh: His Majesty’s Stationery Office. [READ HERE].

Scottish Executive (2000) Revitalising Gaelic: A National Asset. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

Scottish Executive (2007) A strategy for Scotland’s languages. Edinburgh: Education Department Cultural Policy Division. [READ HERE].

Scottish Government (2010a) Scots language: Ministerial Working Group report, 30 Nov. [READ HERE].

Scottish Government (2010b) Adult Literacies in Scotland 2020: Strategic guidance. Edinburgh: Scottish Government. [READ HERE].

Scottish Government (2018) ‘Annual spend on support for Gaelic since 1999: FOI release’. 1 May. Edinburgh: Scottish Government. [READ HERE].

Scottish Government (2018) ‘Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women: position statement’. 2 May. [READ HERE].

Scottish Government (2022) ‘Gaelic and Scots and Scottish Languages Bill: Scottish Government commitments’. 24 Aug. [READ HERE].

Scottish Government/Evans, R (2009) Audit of current Scots language provision in Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research. [READ HERE].

Scottish Government/TNS-BMRB (2010) Public Attitudes Towards the Scots Language. [READ HERE].

Scottish Labour Party (2016) 2016 Scottish Parliament election manifesto. [READ HERE].

Scottish Language Dictionaries (2005) The essential Scots dictionary: Scots-English, English-Scots. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Scottish Language Dictionaries (2017) Concise Scots dictionary (2nd Ed). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press

Scottish National Party (2021) SNP 2021 Manifesto: Scotland’s Future, Scotland’s Choice. 15 Apr. SNP: Edinburgh [READ HERE].

Scottish Qualifications Authority (2013) Scottish Studies Award. [READ HERE].

Scottish Qualifications Authority (2014) Scots Language Award. [READ HERE].

Seenan, G (2005) ‘Glaswegians throw the R away’. The Guardian, 14 Mar. [READ HERE].

Shanks, P (2010) ‘Early Kelman’. In S Hames (ed), Edinburgh companion to James Kelman. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Shoemark, P, Sur, D, Shrimpton, L, Murray, I and Goldwater, S (2017) ‘Aye or naw, whit dae ye think? Scottish independence and linguistic identity on social media’. In Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Volume 1, Long Papers, 1239–1248. [READ HERE].

Siegel, J (1999) ‘Stigmatized and standardized varieties in the classroom: Interference or separation?’. TESOL Quarterly, 33.4.

Small, M (2018) ‘North by Northeast’, Bella Caledonia blog, 26 Mar. [READ HERE].

Smart, I (2022) ‘We need to talk about “Scots”’. iansmart blog, 18 Aug. [READ HERE].

Smith, J and Durham, M (2012) ‘Bidialectalism of dialect death? Explaining generational change in the Shetland Islands, Scotland’. American Speech, 87.1, 57–88.

Smith, L (2017) ‘Our big slang theory? Well, for a start, Scots isn’t slang’. The Sunday Post, Oct 9. [READ HERE].

Smith, MC (1913) ‘The Boy in the Train’ (poem). Available at the Scottish Poetry Library [READ HERE]

Smith, WW (1901) The New Testament in braid Scots. Paisley: Alexander Gardner (1904 edition). [READ HERE].

Sobey, A (1993) ‘Scots realpolitik. Supplement: Talking Scots’. Fortnight, 318 (Jun). [READ HERE].

Solé i Camardons, J (1988, 2012) Sociolingüística per a joves del segle XXI. Argentona: Voliana Edicions.

Stevenson, R (2011) ‘Drama Language and Revival’. In I Brown (ed), The Edinburgh companion to Scottish drama. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Stuart-Smith, J (2007) ‘The influence of the media’. In C Llamas, L Mullany and P Stockwell (eds), The Routledge Companion to Sociolinguistics (1st ed). London: Routledge, 140–148.

Stuart-Smith, J (2018) ‘Sound perspectives? Speech and speaker dynamics over a century of Scottish English’. In R Mesthrie and D Bradley (eds), The Dynamics of Language: Plenary and Focus Lectures from the 20th International Congress of Linguists. UCT Press: Cape Town, 74–92.

Stuart-Smith, J, Lawson, E and Scobbie, JM (2014) ‘Derhoticisation in Scottish English: a sociophonetic journey’. In C Celata and S Calamai (eds), Advances in sociophonetics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

 

T

Tait, JM (2016) ‘RAPAQ on Scots Orthography’. Scots Threip, undated. [READ HERE].

Tait, JM (2017) ‘Robertsonianism’. Scots Threip, updated 25 Apr. [READ HERE].

Tait, JM (2018) ‘The 95% Rule’. Scots Threip, updated 11 Mar. [READ HERE].

Tait, JM (2019) ‘Some principles of expository Scots’. Scots Threip, updated 25 May. [READ HERE].

Tett, L (2000) ‘Excluded voices: class, culture, and family literacy in Scotland’. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 44.2, 22–128.

Trainer, P (2021) ‘Irvine Welsh on vernacular speech, Edinburgh and his new drama’. The Herald, 2 July 2021.

Trousdale, G (2010) An introduction to English sociolinguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Trudgill, P (1984) ‘Standard English in England’. In P Trudgill (ed), Language in the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 32–44.

Trudgill, P (2021a) ‘The Swiss secret that could keep Britain together’. The New European, 17 Feb. [READ HERE].

Trudgill, P (2021b) ‘Not a real language? You’ve Scot to be joking’. The New European, 28 Mar. [READ HERE].

Tuson, J (1988) Mal de llengües: A l’etorn dels prejudicis linguistics. Barcelona: Empúries.

 

U

Ulster-Scots Academy (undated) The Ulster-Scots Academy website. [READ HERE].

Unger, JW (2010) ‘Legitimating inaction: differing identity constructions of the Scots language’. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 13, 99–113.

Unger, JW (2013) The discursive construction of the Scots language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

University of Aberdeen (2018) ‘Scots language workshop to encourage people to speak in their ‘mither tongue’’. News, 15 Aug. [READ HERE].

University of Cambridge (2016) ‘The ability of children to speak any two dialects – two closely related varieties of the same language – may confer the same cognitive advantages as those reported for multilingual children who speak two or more substantially different languages (such as English and French)’. University of Cambridge Research News, 27 Apr. [READ HERE].

 

V

 

W

Walters, S (2009) ‘Walcome tae the Scottish Pairlament wabsite: The internet guide to Holyrood translated into ‘Rab C Nesbitt’ dialect’. Mail on Sunday, 15 Nov. [READ HERE].

Warnecke, S (2019) ‘Introduction, Scots language and culture – part 1’ (online course). Milton Keynes: The Open University.

Warrack, A (1911) A Scots dialect dictionary. Edinburgh: W and R Chambers. [READ HERE].

Watson, R (1998) ‘Postcolonial Subjects? Language, narrative authority and class in contemporary Scottish culture’. The European English Messenger, 7.1, 21–31.

Watson, R (2013) ‘Scottish poetry: The scene and the sixties’. In L Gunn and E Bell (eds), The Scottish sixties: Reading, rebellion, revolution?. SCROLL: Scottish Cultural Review of Language and Literature, 20. Leiden: Brill.

Watt, I (2018) ‘Outlander is boosting a renaissance of the Scots language – here’s how’. The National, 23 Aug. [READ HERE]

Weber, J-J (2015) Language racism. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Wee, L (2011) Language without rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wells, JC (1982) Accents of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Welsh, I (1993) Trainspotting. London: Secker and Warburg.

Wilson, J (1915) Lowland Scotch as spoken in the lower Strathearn district of Perthshire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [READ HERE].

Wilson, J (1923) The dialect of Robert Burns as spoken in Central Ayrshire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [READ HERE].

Wilson, J (1926) The dialects of Central Scotland. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wilson, LC (2012) Luath Scots language learner: an introduction to contemporary spoken Scots (revised ed). Edinburgh: Luath Press.

Wilson, R (2017) ‘Spellin oot thorny kinch fir language thought police’. The National, 6 Jul.

Wilson, R (2018) ‘Ye need a gey thick skin tae scrieve in Scots!’. The National, 12 Apr. [READ HERE]

Wilson, R (2019) ‘We hae a new generation o bonnie young fechters fir Scots!’. The National, 24 Oct. [READ HERE].

Winder, R (2004) ‘Highly literary and deeply vulgar: If James Kelman’s Booker novel is rude, it is in good company’. The Independent, 12 October.

Woehrling, J-M (2006) The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages - A critical commentary. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. [READ HERE].

Woods, J (2016) ‘Letters to The National II: Principled objection to the project of promoting Scots’. The National, 1 Feb. [READ HERE].

Woollaston, V (2016) ‘Speaking SLANG is as good for your brain as being bilingual and spending just a week using a new language boosts attention span’. Mailonline, 27 Apr. [READ HERE].

Wright, S (2015) ‘What is language? A response to Philippe van Parijs’. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 18.2, 113–130. [READ HERE].

Wright, S (2016) Language policy and language planning: from nationalism to globalisation. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Wynne, A (2021) ‘Scottish poet, 21, is accused of ‘making Scottish people sound stupid’’. Mail Online, 17 Jan. [READ HERE].

 

X

 

Y

Young, CPL (2012) ‘“The Broons” – how ‘Scots’ are they? (Part 2)’. Scotslanguage.info blog, 8 Sep. [READ HERE].

Young, CPL (2013) ‘How to kill a story. Scots’. Scotslanguage.info blog, 27 Sep. [READ HERE].

Young, CPL (2015a) ‘Speakin Scots is apoleetical’. Scotslanguage.info blog, 16 February. [READ HERE].

Young, CPL (2015b) ‘Creative Scotlan(d) maun dae better’. Scotslanguage.info blog, 7 June. [READ HERE].

Young, CPL (2015c) ‘The Scots scriever must have the write stuff’. Scotslanguage.info blog, 21 Jun. [READ HERE].

Young, CPL (2017) ‘The Bam Whisperer’. The Scots Haunbuik, blog 22 Nov. [READ HERE].

Young, D (1946) ‘“Plastic Scots” and the Scottish literary tradition: An authoritative introduction to a controversy’. Glasgow: William MacLellan.

 

Z

Zuckermann, G (2017) ‘Language Revival Diamond’. Professor Ghil’ad Zuckermann website. [READ HERE].